Chapter 6

Questions :

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration ?

First stage is Glycolysis (breaking of glucose into pyruvate); the second stage is the Citric acid cycle (completes the the breakdown of glucose by decomposing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide); the third stage is Oxidative phosphorylation (here is generated H+ concentration and and thanks to electron transport chain the H+ molecules are transported back during chemiosmosis to generate A

TP).

What can interrupt cellular respiration ?

Certain poisons can block the cellular respiration. For example Cyanide and carbon monoxide, they bind with an electron carrier in forth protein complex. Cause of that electron cease to flow through and this stops the cellular respiration.

Another poison is oligomycin which blocks the passage of H+ through the channel in ATP synthase.

What is the outcome of ATP's for each phase ?

Glycolysis produces outcome of 2 ATPs and 2 NADH. Citric acid cycle produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 . The oxidative phosphorylation produces the biggest number of ATP about 34 ATP molecules.

Diagram :

This diagram shows the citric acid cycle during which we breath out CO2. It's very complex cycle of reactions that repeats twice per molecule of glucose.

5facts :

Oxidative phosphorylation creates the biggest outcome of ATP (around 34).

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide energy for life.

C6H12O6 +6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy - this is equation of cellular respiration.

Certain poisons are able to stop the process of cellular respiration .

Fermentation enables cells to produce ATP without oxygen.

Key terms:

Redox reaction - movement of electrons from one molecule to another

Oxidation - loss of electrons from one substance

Reduction - gain of electrons from one substance

Obligate anaerobes - prokaryotes that are poisoned by oxygen, they require only anaerobic conditions

Facultative anaerobes - can make ATP by either fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation

Lactic acid fermentation - process that enables the cell to create ATP without oxygen, some types of bacteria can regenerate NAD+

Intermediates - compounds that form between the initial reactant and the final product

Glycolysis - begins cellular respiration by breaking glucose into pyruvate

Kilocalories - the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1C

Video :

Citric acid cycle

Summarize:

Chapter 6 described the cellular respiration. Basically the process that is going on inside our body everyday. It described the Citric acid cycle which is very important because it's the cell breathing. During this process we breath in O2 and breath out CO2. Also this chapter explained other phases of cellular respiration as well, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during which our cells create most of ATP molecules.